Medical debt is a problem that affects millions of people in the U.S., even those with insurance. Between high out-of-pocket costs and confusing medical bills, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. A single ER visit or unexpected procedure can leave you with a bill that’s hard to manage—especially if you’re already on a tight budget.
If you’re struggling with medical debt, you’re not alone. The good news is that there are ways to deal with it. From government programs to hospital assistance and nonprofit support, there are resources that may help you lower your costs and make a plan to move forward.
Why Medical Debt Happens
High Medical Costs
Healthcare in the U.S. is expensive, and prices keep rising. Even with insurance, a hospital stay or specialist visit can cost thousands of dollars. People without insurance often face even steeper bills.
Insurance Gaps and Unexpected Bills
Many people have plans with high deductibles or limited coverage. That means even routine care can come with large out-of-pocket costs. On top of that, you might get hit with a surprise bill if your doctor or hospital turns out to be out of network—even if you didn’t know it at the time.
Confusing or Surprise Charges
Medical bills can be hard to understand. They may include charges you weren’t expecting, or services that seem unclear. Mistakes on bills are common, and some people end up owing money for things they didn’t actually receive. These surprises can lead to debt before you even realize what happened.
Where to Find Medical Debt Help
Apply for Government Health Programs
If your income is limited, you may qualify for programs that lower or cover medical costs.
How to Apply
- Go to Healthcare.gov and use the screening tool to see if you qualify for Medicaid, Medicare, or CHIP.
- You can also apply directly through your state’s Medicaid website.
- Be ready to provide proof of income, age, household size, and any current medical expenses.
Ask Your Hospital About Financial Assistance
Most nonprofit hospitals are legally required to offer charity care or financial aid programs.
Steps to Take
- Call the hospital billing department and ask, “Do you offer a financial assistance or charity care program?”
- Request an application form and instructions.
- Submit proof of income (like a recent tax return or pay stub) and any medical bills you need help with.
Even if you’ve already received a bill or it’s gone to collections, you may still qualify—so it’s worth asking.
Use Nonprofits That Reduce or Forgive Medical Debt
Some organizations work directly with patients or buy medical debt from collectors so it can be erased.
Resources to Try
- Dollar For helps you apply for hospital charity care by submitting the paperwork for you.
- RIP Medical Debt buys large amounts of medical debt and forgives it—check their website to see if they’re active in your area.
These services are free. You don’t need to pay to get help from these nonprofits.
Check for Local or State Relief Programs
Some local governments partner with hospitals or nonprofits to offer targeted debt relief.
How to Find Them
- Call 2-1-1 or visit 211.org to speak with someone who can guide you to local help.
- Search your city or state health department website for terms like “medical debt relief,” “charity care,” or “financial assistance.”
Tips for Managing Medical Bills
Review for Errors
Start by asking for an itemized bill so you can see every charge. Look closely for mistakes—like duplicate charges, incorrect services, or fees your insurance should have covered. If something looks off, call the billing office and ask for a breakdown. You can also contact your insurance provider to help clarify what was (or wasn’t) covered.
Negotiate the Amount
If the total is more than you can afford, try negotiating. Call the provider’s billing department and explain your situation. Ask if they offer discounts for financial hardship or if they can reduce the amount you owe. Be ready to share proof of income if needed.
Set Up a Payment Plan
Most hospitals and clinics are willing to create a monthly payment plan—often without interest. Ask for a written agreement that shows your monthly payment amount and how long it will last. This can help you avoid collections while staying on top of the bill.
Be Careful with Medical Credit Cards
Some providers offer special credit cards for medical bills. These may have 0% interest at first, but rates can jump if you don’t pay off the balance in time. Only consider this option if you’ve reviewed the terms and are confident you can pay it off before interest starts.
Avoiding Future Medical Debt
Know What Your Insurance Covers
Understanding your health insurance plan can help you avoid unexpected bills. Learn what your deductible is, how much you’ll pay for copays, and whether certain services—like emergency visits or specialists—are covered. When possible, choose in-network providers to keep costs lower.
If something isn’t clear, call your insurance company and ask. It’s better to ask questions before treatment than be surprised by a bill later.
Use Urgent Care When It’s Not an Emergency
If you need care but it’s not life-threatening, consider going to an urgent care clinic instead of the ER. It’s usually much cheaper, and many clinics take insurance. Call ahead or check online to confirm what they treat and what they charge.
Build a Small Emergency Fund
Having some savings set aside—even a few hundred dollars—can make a big difference if you get a surprise bill. Try to set aside a little each month, even if it’s just $10 or $20. Over time, you’ll build a cushion to help cover future medical expenses.
Final Thoughts
Medical debt can feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to face it alone. Whether you’re dealing with a new bill or one that’s already in collections, there are steps you can take to reduce the pressure.
Start by reviewing your bills for errors and reaching out to the provider to ask about discounts or payment plans. Look into government programs, hospital assistance, or nonprofit services that may help lower or even forgive your debt. And if you’re feeling stuck, a financial counselor can help you understand your options and make a plan.
Taking action—even small steps—can help you regain a sense of control and start moving forward.
